Assessment of Factors Affecting Unemployment in Selected European Union Countries: A Gender Perspective
Abstract
This paper aims to assess the impact of factors on unemployment in selected European Union (EU) countries from a gender perspective. The study covers three EU countries – the Czech Republic, Spain, and Lithuania – and spans the period from 1997 to 2022. The results show that education has no statistically significant impact on unemployment among women and men in any of the analysed countries. The results obtained using gross domestic product indicate that this factor has little or no effect on unemployment in almost all models, except for the Lithuanian male unemployment model, where an increasing effect was found. Unemployment benefits are the only variable with a statistically significant increasing effect on unemployment for both men and women in all countries analysed. Meanwhile, the effects of other factors – foreign direct investment, inflation and population growth – on unemployment vary between countries and by gender.
